By Nicolas Lopez*
Mass organizing and mobilizing are the order of the day in the Bolivarian Republic
10 years ago, Venezuela was a country struggling with neoliberal policies that had impoverished 75% of people and held 22% under extreme poverty. To run for elections in 1998, Hugo Chavez formed MVR (Movement Vth Republic), a party based on a set of principles and guidelines known as Bolivarianism (inspired by Simon Bolivar, XIXth century liberator of 5 South American nations and Panama). MVR was the continuation of what had been a clandestine movement since 1983, aiming at developing true patriotic sentiment within the Armed Forces.
After a failed coup in 1992, Chavez remained in the memory of the people for his brave public acceptance of the failure of the military uprising and taking personal responsibility for it. The young rebel spent a couple of years imprisoned in Yare, and then another couple years secretly travelling around the country trying to understand peoples’ needs. Patience and hard work paid off and after announcing his intention to participate in the country’s democratic life, Chavez was elected President of the Republic. His party MVR leading the way into a National Constitutional Assembly that officially marked the beginning of a new republic.In 2001 President Chavez made use of his power to legislate through an “enabling law”, applying it as a way to fast-track recovery of oil production for the nation and reducing the profit share for transnational corporations. By any account these were ‘baby steps’ towards establishing one of Chavez’ platforms of achieving greater economic sovereignty for Venezuela. These measures caused an immediate reaction from the upper class, who backed by George W. Bush’s oil-hungry administration and a few other international allies, desperately tried to stop short a process rapidly empowering the poor majority. A decisive moment in the Bolivarian Revolution occurred in April 2002 when a coup d’etat was orchaestrated with the active support of various media outlets. The audacious maneouver which attempted to suspend the constitution and place the head of the Chamber of Commerce as President was reversed in 48 hours by members of the armed forces who refused to recognize a Chavez-less government, as well as the pressure of hundreds of thousands of Venezuelan people who demanded the return of their leader. Later that year courageous and hopeful Venezuelans withstood an even harder test: the lock-out of State-owned PDVSA (Petroleum of Venezuela). The strike lasted over 2 months and the economic woes extended through 2003, but allowed for the definitive recuperation of this strategic industry.
Since resurging from these very dark days Venezuela has displayed sustained economic growth for half a decade, gradually diversifying the production of goods other than petroleum and improving distribution of wealth. Additionally, it has consolidated social programs that now guarantee health, education and food security across the country. None of this would have been possible without the political inclusion of millions of citizens that have participated in 15 electoral events since 1999. Attempting to take changes a step forward in December 2007 Venezuelans voted to reform 69 articles of the 1999 Constitution. The reform fell 2 percentage points short of passing, suggesting that the ‘road toward socialism’ still needed plenty discussion among the people. Constitutional reform included modifications of different kinds, particularly in state structure and transferring power to grassroots based community counsels (consejos comunales), but was rejected by little more than half the people who voted.
Aware of the necessity to organize people in a mass party able to set the ground for socialism, MVR and several other pro-Chavez parties dissolved and the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) was created in 2007. After the municipal and regional elections in November 2008, the political landscape in the country changed, as PSUV candidates obtained over 5 million votes and 70% of regional Governments. Opposition parties were however victorious in the most populated states (Zulia, Miranda, Carabobo), and the three main cities (Caracas, Maracaibo and Valencia). Additionally, opposition candidates were elected in Zulia and Táchira, along the border with Colombia, through which thousands of paramilitaries have entered during the past 5 years, contributing to high levels of violent crime across the country. On Sunday February 15th, Venezuelans go to the polls again, this time to vote on the possibility of removing limits to the number of terms for any elected official, including the President. Rejecting this proposal would mean Chavez could not run again in 2012 and socialists would have to rely on new electoral leadership. Given that there is no person in Venezuela even nearly as popular as Chavez, this could imply slowing down the pace of changes underway.
President Hugo Chavez at Mision Mercal, a social program providing affordable food
Under the current international economic crisis, stakes are set quite high and the world needs leaders like Chavez who put first the needs of common people. Losing Chavez would not be a setback for Venezuelans only but for others beyond its borders, including many urban poor in the United States who have benefit by low-cost heating oil during the winter. Venezuelan foreign policy has garnered the admiration of millions of people worldwide because of its proved political will to favour disadvantaged countries. The thrust toward Latin American and Caribbean integration includes PETROCARIBE, a regional agreement that provides countries with weaker economies with tools to recover their productive capacity or at least attain some autonomy, by offering fuel at preferential price. Venezuela’s main achievement in its efforts to build unity within the region has been the establishment of ALBA (Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas) a strategic alliance based on principles of cooperation, not competition. In February 2009 along with Bolivia, Cuba, Dominica, Honduras and Nicaragua ALBA agreed to create of a multi-national food enterprise and released statements of its intention to create a common currency.
People around the world have not yet become desperate about the global recession, but as explanations are demanded from the wealthier nations’ Governments no clear answers are given. These may be times of great confusion and as markets keep diving despite futile efforts to save banks from bankruptcy, it is worth looking at alternative initiatives around the world. Certainly, Venezuela’s revolution may be an example worth examining, and cooperative agreements such as ALBA possible solutions to overcome the devastating effects of market-driven policies that have skyrocketed global inequality. That, as long as we are able to look closely through the eyes of people whose life it’s changed and we don’t let ourselves be fooled by mass media, manipulative snake charmers able to induce people into worshipping the oppressors and detesting the oppressed.
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